Antimicrobial agents are used for the treatment of the
microbial infections in the body and the treatment is termed as chemotherapy. Paul
Ehlrich is known as the father of Chemotherapy who used Arsphenamine for the
treatment of Syphilis. Chemotherapy is an important perspective for the student’s
GPAT preparation as lots of questions
are asked from this section. Here, we are introducing the classification of
antimicrobial agents on the basis of their mechanism of action.
![]() |
Classifiaction of antimicrobial agents |
1.
Antibiotics that inhibits Bacterial Cell Wall
synthesis
a)
Pencillins, Cephalosporins, Carbepenam and
Monobactam: These drugs inhibit the transpeptidase enzyme used in the bacterial
cell wall synthesis.
b)
Vancomycin: This drug makes complex with C-terminal
D-alanine residues of petisoglycan precursors.
c)
Cycloserine: It inhibits alanine racemase and
D-alanyl-D-alanine synthetase.
2.
Antibiotics that inhibit Ribosome function and prevent
protein synthesis
a)
Aminoglycosides: It causes misreading in mRNA
b)
Tetrayclines: This class of drug binds with 30S
ribosomes and inhibits the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA into the A site of the
bacterial ribosome.
c)
Chloramphenicol: It binds with the
peptidyltransferase enzyme on the 50S ribosome and inhibits protein synthesis.
d)
Spectinomycin
e)
Azithromycin and Clarithromycin: Inhibits
translocation which leads the protein synthesis inhibition.
3.
Antibiotics that affect the function of
cytoplasmic membranes
a)
Antifungal drugs: Amhotericin B, Ketoconazole,
Clotrimazole, Fluconazole, Miconazole and Nystatin.
b)
Bacitracin & Polymyxin B & E: They cause
the leaking of nuclear material which leads to the cell death.
c)
Gramicidin: It produces aqueous pores in the
cell membrane.
4.
Antibiotics that inhibit Nucleic acid synthesis
a)
Agents that interfere with Nucleotide synthesis:
·
Zidovudine: DNA polymerase inhibition.
·
Acylovir: Thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase
inhibition of Herpes virus.
·
Flucocytosine: Thymidylate synthetase
inhibition.
b)
Agents that interfere with DNA replication:
·
Metrindazole: DNA strand breakage by the reduced
Nitro group.
·
Quinolones: DNA gyrase inhibition
c)
Agents that inhibit RNA polymerase:
·
Rifamycins
d)
Agents that interfere with the precursor
synthesis:
·
Sulfonamides: Inhibit the conversion of
Pteridine & p-Amino Benzoic acid (PABA) into dihydrofolic acid.
·
Trimethoprim: Inhibits the conversion
dihydrofolic acid into tetrahydrofolic acid.
e)
Agents that interfere with the Template function
of DNA:
·
Chloroquine & Proflavine
This is an initiative to help our pharma community through spreading the knowledge. We are here committed to provide you high quality study material free of cost. If you also want to be the part of this initiative just like and share our facebook page so that more and more people can be benefited. Here is the link of our FB community: GPATCRACKERS
No comments:
Post a Comment